Rhetoric Outline

An Example of Rhetoric from Literature

-Rhetoric is also found in fiction writing

-Other literary works may be used to persuade the audience

Arrangement

-Arrangement is how the text is organized

-Writers organize differentially for different purposes

The Classical Model

The Introduction: draws readers attention and introduces subject, usually contains ethos

The Narration: Provides factual information, and begins developmental paragraphs

appeals to pathos

The Confirmation: Largest part of text, uses proof to makes the author's case appeals to logos

The Refutation: addresses the counter argument usually placed near the end of text, appeals to logos

The Conclusion: brings text to a close, appeals to pathos, and reminds reader of earlier ethos

Patterns of Development

Another way to organize an argument is according to it's purpose

Narration

-Refers to telling a story or recounting a series of events 

-it is usually organized in chronological order, narration is used to enter into topics

Description 

-Closely connected to narration, but different in how it is aimed at the senses of the audience, 

-it establishes a mood, appeals to pathos through the senses like sight and feeling

Process Analysis

-Explains how something works, how to do something, or how something was done,

-clarity is key

-transitions mark the steps of a process

Exemplification

-Creates a concrete idea through presenting various examples

-Aristotle thought that examples are logical proof called induction

-many specific examples lead to a general conclusion

Comparison and Contrast

-Uses juxtaposition to highlight the similarities and differences between two things 

-analyzes subjects closely

-gives insight into the nature of the information being analyzed

Classification and Division

-It is important for readers and writers to be able to sort material into categories

-Writers develop categories in order to break down a larger idea

Definition

-Many discussions depend upon definition

-Definition is usually used first in a debate

Cause and Effect

-Analyzing the causes to an event, or effects that are results from a certain cause is a powerful way to construct an argument

-It is important to carefully trace a chain of causes and effects using logic to be effective at this method